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oracle分析函数汇总
一、分析函数语法
function_name(, ...) over( );
function_name()：函数名称
argument：参数
over( )：开窗函数
partition_Clause：分区子句，数据记录集分组，group by...
order by_Clause：排序子句，数据记录集排序，order by...
windowing_Clause：开窗子句，定义分析函数在操作行的集合，三种开窗方式：rows、range、Specifying
注：使用开窗子句时一定要有排序子句！！！
本篇未涉及开窗子句，开窗子句在另外的文章中单独说明
一、order by对窗口的影响
不含order by的： SQL> select deptno,sal,sum(sal) over() from emp; 不含order by时，默认的窗口是从结果集的第一行直到末尾。含order by的：
SQL> select deptno,sal, sum(sal) over(order by deptno) as sumsal from emp; 当含有order by时，默认的窗口是从第一行直到当前分组的最后一行。二、用于排列的函数
SQL>select empno, deptno, sal, rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc nulls last) as rank, dense_rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc nulls last) as dense_rank, row_number() over(partition by deptno order by sal desc nulls last) as row_numberfrom emp;
三、用于合计的函数
SQL>select deptno,sal, sum(sal) over (partition by deptno) as sumsal, avg(sal) over (partition by deptno) as avgsal, count(*) over (partition by deptno) as count, max(sal) over (partition by deptno) as maxsal from emp;
四、开窗语句
1、rows窗口: "rows 5 preceding" 适用于任何类型而且可以order by多列。 SQL> select deptno,ename,sal, sum(sal) over (order by deptno rows 2 preceding) sumsal from emp; rows 2 preceding:将当前行和它前面的两行划为一个窗口，因此sum函数就作 用在这三行上面SQL> select deptno,ename,sal,
sum(sal) over (partition by deptno order by ename rows 2 preceding) sumsal from emp order by deptno,ename; 加了partiton by分区后之后，rows 2 preceding(窗口)只在当前分区内生效，不会影响分区之外的行。 SQL> select ename,sal,hiredate, first_value(ename) over (order by hiredate asc rows 5 preceding) first_ename, first_value(hiredate) over (order by hiredate asc rows 5 preceding) first_hiredate from emp order by hiredate asc; order by hiredate asc rows 5 preceding: order by之后，取当前行的前5行+当前行作为窗口(共6行)。2、"range unbounded preceding"
range unbounded preceding会把当前行之前的所有行都包含进来，但当partition by时: SQL> select deptno,ename,sal, sum(sal) over (partition by deptno order by deptno range unbounded preceding) sumsal from emp; SQL> select deptno,ename,sal, sum(sal) over (order by deptno range unbounded preceding) sumsal from emp; 这SQL句子和下面这SQL是等价的: select deptno,ename,sal, sum(sal) over (order by deptno) sumsal from emp; 因为order by的默认窗口总是从结果集的第一行开始到它分组的最后一行。 而partiton by的默认窗口总是从分区的第一行开始。 3、range窗口: "range 100 preceding" 这个子句只适用于number和date，而且只能order by一列。 如果over()里asc排列，意思是[number-100,number]这样一个闭区间是它的窗口。 如果over()里desc排列，意思是[number,number+100]这样一个闭区间是它的窗口。 4、窗口总结 1、unbounded preceding:从当前分区的第一行开始，到当前行结束。 2、current row:从当前行开始，也结束于当前行。 3、[numeric expression] preceding:对于rows来说从当前行之前的第[numeric expression]行开始，到当前行结束。对range来说从小于数值表达式的值开始，到当前行结束。 4、[numeric expression] following:与[numeric expression] preceding相反。
二、分析函数汇总
1、count() over() ：统计分区中各组的行数，partition by 可选，order by 可选
select ename,esex,eage,count(*) over() from emp; --总计数select ename,esex,eage,count(*) over(order by eage) from emp; --递加计数select ename,esex,eage,count(*) over(partition by esex) from emp; --分组计数select ename,esex,eage,count(*) over(partition by esex order by eage) from emp;--分组递加计数
2、sum() over() ：统计分区中记录的总和，partition by 可选，order by 可选
select ename,esex,eage,sum(salary) over() from emp; --总累计求和select ename,esex,eage,sum(salary) over(order by eage) from emp; --递加累计求和select ename,esex,eage,sum(salary) over(partition by esex) from emp; --分组累计求和select ename,esex,eage,sum(salary) over(partition by esex order by eage) from emp; --分组递加累计求和
3、avg() over() ：统计分区中记录的平均值，partition by 可选，order by 可选
select ename,esex,eage,avg(salary) over() from emp; --总平均值select ename,esex,eage,avg(salary) over(order by eage) from emp; --递加求平均值select ename,esex,eage,avg(salary) over(partition by esex) from emp; --分组求平均值select ename,esex,eage,avg(salary) over(partition by esex order by eage) from emp; --分组递加求平均值
4、min() over() ：统计分区中记录的最小值，partition by 可选，order by 可选
max() over() ：统计分区中记录的最大值，partition by 可选，order by 可选
select ename,esex,eage,salary,min(salary) over() from emp; --求总最小值select ename,esex,eage,salary,min(salary) over(order by eage) from emp; --递加求最小值select ename,esex,eage,salary,min(salary) over(partition by esex) from emp; --分组求最小值select ename,esex,eage,salary,min(salary) over(partition by esex order by eage) from emp; --分组递加求最小值
5、rank() over() ：跳跃排序，partition by 可选，order by 必选
select ename,eage,rank() over(partition by job order by eage) from emp;select ename,eage,rank() over(order by eage) from emp;
6、dense_rank() ：连续排序，partition by 可选，order by 必选
select ename,eage,dense_rank() over(partition by job order by eage) from emp;select ename,eage,dense_rank() over(order by eage) from emp;
7、row_number() over() ：排序，无重复值，partition by 可选，order by 必选
select ename,eage,row_number() over(partition by job order by eage) from emp;select ename,eage,row_number() over(order by eage) from emp;
8、ntile(n) over() ：partition by 可选，order by 必选
n表示将分区内记录平均分成n份，多出的按照顺序依次分给前面的组
select ename,salary,ntile(3) over(order by salary desc) from emp;select ename,salary,ntile(3) over(partition by job order by salary desc) from emp;
9、first_value() over() ：取出分区中第一条记录的字段值，partition by 可选，order by 可选
last_value() over() ：取出分区中最后一条记录的字段值，partition by 可选，order by 可选
select ename,first_value(salary) over() from emp;select ename,first_value(salary) over(order by salary desc) from emp;select ename,first_value(salary) over(partition by job) from emp; select ename,first_value(salary) over(partition by job order by salary desc) from emp;
10、first ：从DENSE_RANK返回的集合中取出排在最前面的一个值的行
last ：从DENSE_RANK返回的集合中取出排在最后面的一个值的行
select job,max(salary) keep(dense_rank first order by salary desc),max(salary) keep(dense_rank last order by salary desc) from empgroup by job;
11、lag() over() ：取出前n行数据，partition by 可选，order by 必选
lead() over() ：取出后n行数据，partition by 可选，order by 必选
select ename,eage,lag(eage,1,0) over(order by salary), lead(eage,1,0) over(order by salary) from emp;select ename,eage,lag(eage,1) over(partition by esex order by salary),lead(eage,1) over(partition by esex order by salary) from emp;
12、ratio_to_report(a) over(partition by b) ：求按照b分组后a的值在所属分组中总值的占比,a的值必须为数值或数值型字段
partition by 可选，order by 不可选
select ename,job,salary,ratio_to_report(1) over() from emp; --给每一行赋值1，求当前行在总值的占比，总是0.1select ename,job,salary,ratio_to_report(salary) over() from emp; --当前行的值在所有数据中的占比select ename,job,salary,ratio_to_report(1) over(partition by job) from emp; --给每一行赋值1，求当前行在分组后的组内总值的占比select ename,job,salary,ratio_to_report(salary) over(partition by job) from emp; --当前行的值在分组后组内总值占比
13、percent_rank() over() ：partition by 可选，order by 必选
所在组排名序号-1除以该组所有的行数-1，排名跳跃排序
select ename,job,salary,percent_rank() over(order by salary) from emp;select ename,job,salary,percent_rank() over(partition by job order by salary) from emp;
14、cume_dist() over() ：partition by 可选，order by必选
所在组排名序号除以该组所有的行数，注意对于重复行，计算时取重复行中的最后一行的位置
select ename,job,salary,cume_dist() over(order by salary) from emp;select ename,job,salary,cume_dist() over(partition by job order by salary) from emp;
15、precentile_cont( x ) within group(order by ...) over() ：over()中partition by可选，order by 不可选
x为输入的百分比，是0-1之间的一个小数，返回该百分比位置的数据，若没有则返回以下计算值（r）：
a=1+( x *(N-1) ) x为输入的百分比，N为分区内的记录的行数
b=ceil ( a ) 向上取整
c = floor( a ) 向下取整
r=a * 百分比位置上一条数据 + b * 百分比位置下一条数据
select ename,job,salary,percentile_cont(0.5) within group(order by salary) over() from emp;select ename,job,salary,percentile_cont(0.5) within group(order by salary) over(partition by job) from emp;
16、precentile_disc( x ) within group(order by ...) over() ：over()中partition by可选，order by 不可选
x为输入的百分比，是0-1之间的一个小数，返回百分比位置对应位置上的数据值，若没有对应数据值，就取大于该分布值的下一个值
select ename,job,salary,percentile_disc(0.5) within group(order by salary) over()from emp;select ename,job,salary,percentile_disc(0.5) within group(order by salary) over(partition by job) from emp;
17、stddev() over()：计算样本标准差，只有一行数据时返回0，partition by 可选，order by 可选
stddev_samp() over()：计算样本标准差，只有一行数据时返回null，partition by 可选，order by 可选
stddev_pop() over()：计算总体标准差，partition by 可选，order by 可选
select stddev(stu_age) over() from student; --计算所有记录的样本标准差select stddev(stu_age) over(order by stu_age) from student; --计算递加的样本标准差select stddev(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major) from student; --计算分组的样本标准差select stddev(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major order by stu_age) from student; --计算分组递加的样本标准差select stddev_samp(stu_age) over() from student; --计算所有记录的样本标准差select stddev_samp(stu_age) over(order by stu_age) from student; --计算递加的样本标准差select stddev_samp(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major) from student; --计算分组的样本标准差select stddev_samp(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major order by stu_age) from student; --计算分组递加的样本标准差select stddev_pop(stu_age) over() from student; --计算所有记录的总体标准差select stddev_pop(stu_age) over(order by stu_age) from student; --计算递加的总体标准差select stddev_pop(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major) from student; --计算分组的总体标准差select stddev_pop(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major order by stu_age) from student;--计算分组递加的总体标准差
18、variance() over()：计算样本方差，只有一行数据时返回0，partition by 可选，order by 可选
var_samp() over()：计算样本方差，只有一行数据时返回null，partition by 可选，order by 可选
var_pop() over()：计算总体方差，partition by 可选，order by 可选
select variance(stu_age) over() from student; --计算所有记录的样本方差select variance(stu_age) over(order by stu_age) from student; --计算递加的样本方差select variance(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major) from student; --计算分组的样本方差select variance(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major order by stu_age) from student; --计算分组递加的样本方差select var_samp(stu_age) over() from student; --计算所有记录的样本方差select var_samp(stu_age) over(order by stu_age) from student; --计算递加的样本方差select var_samp(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major) from student; --计算分组的样本方差select var_samp(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major order by stu_age) from student; --计算分组递加的样本方差select var_pop(stu_age) over() from student; --记录所有就的总体方差select var_pop(stu_age) over(order by stu_age) from student; --计算递加的总体方差select var_pop(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major) from student; --计算分组的总体方差select var_pop(stu_age) over(partition by stu_major order by stu_age) from student;--计算分组递加的样本方差
stddev()=sqrt( variance() ) sqrt()--求开方
stddev_samp()=sqrt( var_samp() )
stddec_pop=sqrt( var_pop() )
19、covar_samp over()：返回一对表达式的样本协方差，partition by 可选，order by 可选
covar_pop over()： 返回一堆表达式的总体协方差，partition by 可选，order by 可选
select covar_samp(stu_age,line) over() from student; --计算所有记录的样本协方差select covar_samp(stu_age,line) over(order by stu_age) from student; --计算递加的样本协方差select covar_samp(stu_age,line) over(partition by stu_major) from student; --计算分组的样本协方差select covar_samp(stu_age,line) over(partition by stu_major order by stu_age) from student; --计算分组递加的样本协方差select covar_pop(stu_age,line) over() from student; --计算所有记录的总体协方差select covar_pop(stu_age,line) over(order by stu_age) from student; --计算递加的总体协方差select covar_pop(stu_age,line) over(partition by stu_major) from student; --计算分组的总体协方差select covar_pop(stu_age,line) over(partition by stu_major order by stu_age) from student; --计算分组递加的总体协方差
20、corr() over() ：返回一对表达式的相关系数，partition by 可选，order by 可选
select corr(stu_age,line) over() from student; --计算所有记录的相关系数select corr(stu_age,line) over(order by stu_age) from student; --计算递加的相关系数select corr(stu_age,line) over(partition by stu_major) from student; --计算分组的相关系数select corr(stu_age,line) over(partition by stu_major order by stu_age) from student; --计算分组递加的相关系数